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An Automated Hothouse for Young Orchid Plants
Chovančíková, Lucie ; Dvořák, Vojtěch (referee) ; Šťáva, Martin (advisor)
Constriction of automated greenhouse that shall secure ideal conditions for orchids in greenhouse (e.g. humidity, temperature, watering, air circulation etc.) is objective of this work. The first part deals with the analysis of current solutions whether commercial or professional. The second part of work describes greenhouse generally, there are technical parameters, purpose and function of single components. The third part of work occupies with proposal and construction of hardware, the fourth part occupies with description of VHDL specification. We can find out in two final part how greenhouse was construct and how it is possible to have control over greenhouse.
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Distribution of population sizes within different orchid metapopulations
Švecová, Magdaléna ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Štípková, Zuzana (referee)
Orchids, as one of the most species-rich families in the world, are known for their specific symbiotic relationships with other organisms and can therefore be referred to as indicators of the state of vegetation. Studying orchids as metapopulations allows us to better estimate the level of threat of individual orchid species. The traditional metapopulation model assumes a metapopulation consisting of sub-populations, where individual populations are connected by migration, and colonization of new and recolonization of existing localities occurs. Orchids, on the other hand, show a different behavior. Their seeds are spread passively by wind, and the colonization of new habitats is therefore rather random. Therefore, a new model would be suitable for the study of orchids, which should include information on the size of the population of a given orchid species, taking into account the region in which they occur. The metapopulation is also influenced by the temperature and amount of precipitation before the flowering period, the possibility of individual sterility or dormancy, and last but not least, the quality of management on the site. These variables should be included in a new metapopulation model that could better describe changes in orchid metapopulations. This thesis provides the basis for a...
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Reproductive success in pollinating deceptive orchids
Steffelová, Michaela ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Janeček, Štěpán (referee)
One third of plant species in the Orchidaceae family use a deceptive strategy to fool pollinators. There are many strategies for deceiving orchids, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. Reproductive success is a quantity usually defined as the ratio of the number of fruits to the number of flowers produced by the plant during a given season. It is influenced by many factors. This work is written in the form of a literature review and deals with the factors that influence the reproductive success of deceptive orchids in connection with their pollination. The reproductive success of the orchid depends mainly on the density of the inflorescence, the time of flowering or the place where the plant is located. These factors in turn affect the pollinators, who are largely responsible for the orchid's reproductive success. The specialized strategies of deceptive orchids lead to a decrease in the reproductive success of an individual, but a low population density or lower pollinator attendance at one inflorescence, on the contrary, lead to an increase in the reproductive success of a deceptive orchid individual. Deceptive orchids do not use a strategy that is clearly disadvantageous, so it is unlikely that the orchid will become extinct in the future due to its pollination strategy. Key words:...
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Reproductive success in orchid pollination
Steffelová, Michaela ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Janeček, Štěpán (referee)
The family Orchidaceae is very diverse; it is characterized by specialized strategies for attracting pollinators. Orchid species with deceptive flowers are special in that they do not produce nectar. This has advantages and disadvantages. The type of strategy determines the degree of reproductive success of orchids: sometimes positively, sometimes negatively. Although research on orchids has been going on for centuries, these plants are still not sufficiently studied. This bachelor thesis is written in the form of a literature research and examines the mechanisms that influence the reproductive success of orchids in relation to their pollination. The least studied phenomenon in this area is the relationship between floral display and orchid reproductive success. In most of the studies cited here, there is a linear positive relationship, but the results are far from being conclusive. Key words: Orchidaceae, pollination, reproductive success, floral display, rewarding species, deceptive species
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The role of trehalose in mycorrhizal associations
Šoch, Jan ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a widely spread phenomenon in nature. A translocation of nutrients occurs between symbionts with disaccharide trehalose playing a key role in the process. However, this saccharide fulfils many important roles in metabolism of fungi and plants. Fungi use trehalose mainly as storage and transport saccharide. On the other hand, trehalose occurs in extremely low amounts in plants where it acts as a signal molecule. Thus it is likely that the saccharide could be used by the fungus to manipulate plant metabolism on a physical interface between symbionts. Trehalose has a similar function in many parasitic interactions. In most cases of mycorrhizal associations trehalose synthesis creates a carbon sink in mycelium which leads to saccharide transfer from the host plant to the fungus. Completely different situation occurs in the types of mycorrhizal symbiosis, where saccharides are translocated from a fungus to a plant. Some plants can utilize trehalose effectively as a sole source of energy. Consequently, the question raises - could such plants gain fungal trehalose on purpose as a source of energy and carbon? This review aims to assess and discuss the mentioned possibilities considering available literature. Key words: mycorrhiza, orchids, parazitism, saccharides, sink, symbiosis,...
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Determinants of orchid species diversity
Štípková, Zuzana ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Kull, Tiiu (referee) ; Whigham, Dennis (referee)
Natural environment has been significantly altered by human activity in past few decades. There is an evidence that we are now facing the sixth mass extinction and suitable areas for species are getting smaller. Therefore, many species of plants and animals are experiencing strong population decline and some of them even became extinct. We focused our attention on orchids because their distribution expresses one of the highest declines among all plant families. In this thesis, we investigated species richness and distribution patterns of orchids, the rate and causes of their decrease and extinction, and factors influencing their occurrence in the Czech Republic and Greece. In the majority of the presented papers, we used a dataset based on the database of the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic that includes more than 115 000 of orchid records in the country. We also analysed the patterns in the six different phytogeographical regions in the Czech Republic that differ in altitude and the composition of local flora. The key findings are as follows: The specialized pollination strategy of orchids, as well as type of rooting systems, both in the Czech Republic and in Greece, play a role in the distribution patterns of orchids in the two countries (Papers I, II and VI). Moreover, the...
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Ecology of orchids and other potential pharmaceutical plants in Nepal
Rokaya Timsina, Binu ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Whigham, Dennis (referee) ; Kull, Tiiu (referee)
In this thesis, I focused mainly on orchids and also carried out some research on different pharmaceutically potential plants in Nepal. I compiled both data from field and secondary data sources and one of my first outputs was complete checklist of orchids in Nepal. I also studied distribution patterns and affinities of orchids with different floristic regions in Nepal. My next work on epiphytic orchids is related to diversity, distribution and host- species associations and their future in the context of climate change in Nepal. In addition to this, I also worked on factors affecting epiphytic orchids along an altitudinal gradient in central Nepal. Working on population dynamics of terrestrial orchid species, Crepidium acuminatum, lasted for 6 years. Together with orchids, I determined secondary compounds present in a highly important Nepal endemic medicinal plant, Swertia multicaulis. I also compiled the information on uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of highly important Himalayan endemic medicinal plant, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora. The last research of my Ph.D. project ended up by gathering the information on uses of different medicinal plants, including orchids that were used to treat various gastrointestinal diseases in Nepal. The results of my doctoral thesis are presented...
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Usefulness of habitat suitability models in research of orchid spatial distribution
Linyucheva, Anastasia ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Šímová, Irena (referee)
The subject of this thesis is to summarise information about use of the habitat suitability models with a focus on orchids modelling. Habitat suitability modelling is used to study the relationship between the occurrence of the species and the environmental factors of its habitat. Modelling orchid species is especially useful for modelling of rare and endangered species, it can accurately predict the occurrence of different species under future climatic conditions and in non-native localities. Appearance of mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi is a specific factor affecting distribution of most orchids, but it is very problematic to include it in modelling. Also, there is an uncertainty about an impact of this factor on orchid distribution. Results of different modelling methods are sometimes controversial, this issue is studied, but there are no such studies in orchids modelling. Keywords: Orchids, spatial distribution, models, distribution, prediction
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Dynamics of orchid occurrence in highlands
Černocká, Veronika ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
All species of orchids are sensitive plants and records of their distribution are rare. Their rarity is related to their complex biology and their sensitivity to changes in the environment. It is necessary to pay attention to these threatened species, so that we could preserve them from extinction. For their effective protection we need to know the main causes of extinction of their localities. It is also useful to know the factors, which determine their distribution, so that we could find new localities, where they occur. In this thesis I analyzed some climatic, geographic and ecological factors in the Jeseníky mountains and their surroundings. First, I visited localities of orchids, which were registered in large databases of their presence in the past. The four most numerous species were analyzed using the program MaxEnt. Based on the revisions, existence of 2/3 of the revised localities was confirmed, 8% of the revised localities became extinct because of overgrowth or due to human intervention in the landscape. From the MaxEnt results it is clear, that for all species the most important factor at the 50 × 50 m scale, is the type of biotope and heterogeneity of the countryside. The most suitable biotopes are floodplain and wetland forests, mesophile meadows, natural scrubs, peat bogs and...
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Dynamics of orchid occurrence in South Bohemia
Kosánová, Kristina ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
Orchids are an endangered group of plants, protected both in the Czech Republic and in the whole world. Questions of their protection are therefore lively discussed, but not all factors, affecting their presence, are known so far. The purpose of this work was to find out, which environmental factors influence the existence of certain orchid species at their localities in the selected area. This is important for better protection of orchids, because only by knowing these factors we can find new sites, or improve management plans of the existing ones. Another purpose of this work was to find out what is the main reason for extinction of orchids at their historical localities and whether or not there is a possibility of finding other, yet unknown localities of these species. This thesis is based on data from databases, which were also updated during the data collection. The data were processed by computer software MaxEnt, which produces species distribution models and allows to predict potential occurrence of orchids even at yet unknown localities. This software also analyses the environmental factors affecting species presence. I found that the main reason of extinction of orchids at their historical localities was overgrowing. Main environmental factors affecting orchid occurrence were analysed for...
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